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Strain Measurement
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What is strain?
When we applied a force on object or material at rest, the the deformation occurs and the length of the material will change(∆L).the strain is noted by
Semiconductor type strain gauge In this type of strain gauge we use doped silicon or germanium as a sensing element. When we apply stress to this type of material its Resistance is changed, by measuring the resistance change we can measure the stress applied on this material. Gauge factor of this type of strain gauge is well around 100. Unlike other strain gauges, semiconductor strain gages are based upon the piezoresistive effects of silicon or germanium and measure the change in resistance with stress as opposed to strain. The semiconductor bonded strain gage is a wafer with the resistance element diffused into a substrate of silicon. No backing is provided for the wafer element and bonding it to the strained surface needs extra care since only a thin layer of epoxy is used to attach it. Size of a semiconductor strain gauge is much smaller and the cost much lower than for a metallic foil sensor.
In side our bodies, we have vital organs that control and monitor our surroundings. Similarly, an electrical control panel is a metal box which contains important electrical devices that control and monitor a mechanical/electrical process. Control panel is used to accommodate (combine) instruments for the purpose of measurement, monitoring, protection, detection, control and manage the processes. The panels are located in a control room as well as a field termed as a local control panel (LCP) for operational convenience. The control panels are designed based on the type of energy and dynamics associated. Panels are named based on a functional media such as electrical, electronic, air, and oil. If the panel is Pneumatic controller/ Indicators which are operated by air is called pneumatic control panel with associated controllers, transducers gauges, etc., If a panel is called hydraulic, if it is operated by oil with associated pressure gauges, directional control valves, etc....
Time of flight sensors measure the time it takes something to travel a distance through a medium. Typically, this is the measurement of the time elapsed between the emission of a wave pulse, its reflection off of an object, and its return to the ToF sensor. TIME-OF-FLIGHT PRINCIPLE The Time-of-Flight principle (ToF) is a method for measuring the distance between a sensor and an object, based on the time difference between the emission of a signal and its return to the sensor, after being reflected by an object. Various types of signals (also called carriers) can be used with the Time-of-Flight principle, the most common being sound and light. TeraRanger sensors use light as their carrier because it is uniquely able to combine higher speed, longer range, lower weight, and eye-safety. By using infrared light we can ensure less signal disturbance and easier distinction from natural ambient light, resulting in the highest performing distance sensors for their given size and...
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